The purpose of this study was to conduct a structural analysis of the variables influencingfathers' involvement in infant care. The subjects were 203 fathers with infants aged 0-36 monthswho were attending day care centers in the Chungnam area in Korea. The data were analyzed withPearson's correlation, a statistical program for structural equation modeling, to assess thehypothesized structural equation model. The mediating effects were analyzed using a Bootstrapmethod. The results were as follows: first, parental emotional motivation has no direct effect oninfant care. However, role-confidence was found to mediate the relationship between parentalemotional motivation and participation in infant care. Second, spousal support directly affected thelevel of involvement in infant care, and role-confidence mediated the relationship between spousalsupport and participation in infant care. The implications of this study and the need for follow-upstudies were also discussed.